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Microorganisms

Probiotics

Japanese: プロバイオティクス

Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium are representative examples.

Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.' This 2001 WHO/FAO definition remains widely used today.

Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium found in yogurt and miso are representative examples. They are known to improve the gut environment and positively influence immune function.

However, not all lactic acid bacteria qualify as probiotics. Only specific strains with scientifically verified health benefits can rightfully bear this name.

Related words

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)

A general term for bacteria that produce lactic acid from sugars. They contribute to a wide range of fermented foods including pickles, yogurt, and miso, creating acidic environments that improve preservation.

Bifidobacterium

Anaerobic beneficial bacteria abundant in the human gut. They produce lactic acid and acetic acid to maintain intestinal health, and are particularly dominant in infant gut microbiota.

Prebiotics

Non-digestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut. Oligosaccharides and dietary fiber are representative examples.

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